Piston



J. FLAMMANG.

Patented; Aug 31, 1920 (iii -01' other piston operating agent. at

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(-itizun of the United Whiter, minding 5*- Louis EQFSOUFL have im'vni'wl um and useful Liistm-L uf Jim-Z1 Hm :iblluw 15 1 spccifivationf Th Ir invuntinn relate pi An object, 0f the invent um is in n'm'hiu a pistvn dwoid 0!? piston rings: man other kind (1f pzlckil lgg mui whiv-h, bvvauw of the inhuwnt; resiliency of the mulnL i)l'0i-ii0-i closelg, aguinsst the vyi'nulvr wall and 1mm steam i'nc mm} time umfm-lning to all rvquirm mats uf a: ficiuini operation and having nmms lm- :iryi119; the extent; of expansion of MIL! pisinn.

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(-1 Hm swy'uwl'stu and the Cup mi 11111; (m done in A in H24: cun- 1': l'rwzi'i Ewing that iiuv wrist win i011 lilustl'aiwi '21,

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s m 1 if rshngwd so Hm muhn; 1;)112551011 mi lzm b. l vyhndul' for Whivh is intended thv 1w 0: mat s W11 be M hum WUl'kihg out wi the .00? or gas or uihmoperating "=3 "15mm? Mwh movement thereof is prevented by the walls of the cylinder. Cooperating keys 12 are preferably seated in appropriate grooves below the key .11, but said keys 1% may be 5 omitted if desired. ln'eare the keys 12 are used there will be one at each side of the piston, said keys 12 being in the form of narrow plates seated'in grooves in the piston and being held from displacement by the cylinder wall'when the piston is operating.

The piston above the wrist pin is finished in such manner that it will press closely against the cylinder wall and form such close contact as to rende' unnecessary the use of piston rings or packing.

In the construction of the piston a bolt 13 is passed through holes in the projections 6 and the nut 14% on the bolt is turned until the connections 3., above the wrist pin, are

bent or placed under tension, the segmental sections of the upper part of the piston be ing drawn to the positiiins which they oe cupy when the ring is under compression in a cylinder. ll hile the piston is thus held under tension it is finished, the finished out lines of the piston being indicated by dotted lines 15 (Fig. l) by reference to which it :will be observed that the upper ring 2 is so fleft of slightly larger diameter than the lower portion of the piston. In its finished shape the lower portion of the piston is of slightly. less diameter than the diameter of the cylinder for which it is intended, while the upper portion of the piston. while under compression is of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder in which the piston is intended to operate. The lower ring 1 of the piston may also be formed with av numher of circumferential oil grooves 16 for containing lubricant that will be applied to the will of the cylinder durin operation of the piston therein.

After the piston has been finished the nut 14: is turned back to 'iermit'the upper portion of the piston to expand so that when the piston is applied within a cylinder the resiliency of the metal will cause the upper portion of the piston to press closely against the cylinder wall all around. The nut 14: may be held from turning on the bolt by any device suitable for that purpose 'as, for instance, by a plate spring 17 engaging in. groove or recess in the top plate of the piston and bearing against one of the side walls of the nut. l'ly accurate adjustment of the nut on the bolt part of the expansive force of the upper portion of: the piston may be relieved vfrom the cylinder wall. This may be ell'ected by turning the nut on the bolt to position so as to limit the extent ofexpansion of the upper portion of the piston.

As shown in Fig. 6, the upper edge of the ring 1 is beveledto provide a scraping edge 6e 18 and the lower edge of the ring 5% is bevneon-ass eled to provide a scraping edge 19. The scrapers l8 and 19 during operation of the piston scrape the oil from the cylinder wall.

.ln Fig. (3 the connecting rod' 20 is illus trated in connection with the wrist pin 9.

I claim:

1. A piston, having a body. composed of an upper portion, a lower portion, and re silient members integrally uniting the upper portion with the lower. portion and being tensioned to press the upper portion outwardly against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted; and a .head integral with the upper portion.

2. A piston, composed of a number of seg vmental sections, a head integral with said sections, and resilient members integral with said sections for pressing said sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted.

3. ii piston, composed of a body whose upper portion comprises a number of segmental sections and which upper portion is of larger diameter than the lower portion of the piston body, a head integral with the segmental sections of the upper portion of the body, and resilient members for press-- ing the segmental sections against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted. v

i. A piston, comprising a hollow body whose upper portion consists of a number of segmental sections and which upper portion is of larger diameter than the diameter of the lower portion of the piston body, resilient members for pressing the segmental sections of the upper portion of the piston body outwardly against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted, a head integral with the segmental sections 195 of the piston body, and means for limiting the extent of expansion of the upper portion of the piston.

A piston, comprising a hollow body having an upper portionromposed of a number of segmental sections, a, head comprising sections integral with said segmenta sections respectively, resilient members for pressing the segmental sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted. and means for preventing the passage oi' gas between the see tions of the head. i V

(S. A. piston, comprising a hollow body whose upper portion is divided into scg- 12t mental sections which are cxpansible from and compressible toward each other. and which when compressed toward ez'u-hother are of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended; a head divided into sections which are integral with said segmental sections re spectively and which move with the segmental sections during expansion and com- .pression thereof, and resilient members for and compressible toward each other and which when compressed toward each other are of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended; a head divided into sections which are integral with said segmental sections respectively and which move with said segmental sections during expansion and compression thereof; resilient elements for pressing said segmental sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder; and a device for preventing the passage of gas between the sections of the head.

'8. A piston, comprising a hollow body whose upper portion is divided into segmental sections which are expansible from and compressible toward each other, and which when compressed toward each other are of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended; a head divided into sections which are integral with said segmental sections respectively and which move with said segmental sections during expansion and compression thereof; resilient elements for pressing said segmental sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder; at devibe for preventin the passage of gas between the sections 0 the head; and means for preventing the passage of gas between the segmental sections.

9. A piston, comprising a hollow body whose upper portion is divided into segmental sections which are expansible from and compressible toward each other, and which when compressed toward each other are of the same diameter as the diameter oi. the cylinder for which the piston is intended; a head divided into sections which are integral with said segmental sections respectively and which move with said segmental sections during expansion and compression thereof; resilient elements for pressing said segmental sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder; a device for preventing the passage of gas between the -'sections of the head; and a wrist pin supported by said resilient members.

10. A piston, comprising a hollow body whose upper portion is' divided into segmental sections, a piston head divided into sections which are integral with said segmental sections respectively, an element supported by said head preventing the passage of gas between the sections of the head, re-

silient members for pressing said segmental sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder in which the piston is mounted,

and a wrist pin in connection with said members holding said members under ten sion to cause said members to press said segmental Sections outwardly.

11. A piston comprising 'a hollow body whose upper portion is divided into compressible and expansible segmental sections which, when compressed are of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended and which when expanded are of a diameter in excess of the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended; the piston. being compressible into the cylinder whereby the material of the segmental section is placed under tension; a segmental top plate in connection with the piston; and means for preventing the passage of the gas between the sections of the top plate.

.2. A piston comprising a body composed of a lower ring, an upper ring divided into 8 segmental sections which when compressed toward each other are of the same diameter as the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston isintended and which when expanded from each other are of larger diameter than the diameter of the cylinder for which the piston is intended; a segmental top plate integral with said seg-. mental sections; connections integrally uniting the segmental sections with the lower ring; and devices preventing the passage of gas between the segmental sections of the top plate.

13. A piston comprising a body composed of a lower ring, an upper ring divided into 106 segmental sections capabl'eof expansion and 'compression, and .means limiting the expansion of the segmental sections of the upper ring.

14. of a lower ring, an upper ring divided into segmental sections capable of expansion from and compression toward each other; a top plate divided into segmental sections integral with the segmental sections of the 110 upper rin and means limiting expansion of the upper ring.

15. A piston,comprising a number of segmental sections arranged to press against the cylinder wall by the resiliency of the material of said sections, a head integral with said sections, and resilient members in tegral with said sections coiiperating with said sections to press the sections outwardly against the wall of the cylinder.

J OHN FLAMMANG.

A piston comprising a body composed 105 

